Senate Bill 4
Agreements for direct primary care
Topics: Contracts, Insurance, Insurance: Health, Medical service: Occupations, Physician
Vetoed by the governor
Both chambers passed it, and the governor vetoed it on Aug 11, 2025. Lawmakers did not , so it stands.
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Introduced, passed
Jan 24, 2025
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Committee, passed
Approved
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Senate vote, passed
Passed 18 to 14
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Assembly vote, passed
Passed May 13, 2025
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Governor, stopped here
Vetoed Aug 11, 2025.
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Law, not reached
Latest entry in the official record, May 13, 2026: “Failed to pass notwithstanding the objections of the Governor pursuant to Joint Rule 82”
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The same bill was also filed in the Assembly as AB 8. That version died when the session ended.
Terms on this page
Veto override
Lawmakers can still pass a bill the governor vetoed, but it takes two-thirds of each chamber.
Legislative Reference Bureau
The Legislature's nonpartisan office that drafts bills and writes the summary at the top of each one.
Official term: LRB analysis. More in the glossary
Author
A lawmaker who formally puts a bill forward. The text itself is drafted by the Legislative Reference Bureau.
Official term: Author, coauthor. More in the glossary
Signed on in support
Lawmakers who back a bill without being one of its authors, often from the other chamber.
Official term: Cosponsor. More in the glossary
Roll call
A vote where each lawmaker's yes or no is recorded by name.
Official term: Roll call vote. More in the glossary
What it would have done
Summary by the , the Legislature's nonpartisan drafting office. It's their wording, not ours.
This bill exempts valid direct primary care agreements from the application of insurance law. A “direct primary care agreement,” as defined in the bill, is a contract between a health care provider that provides primary care services under the provider’s scope of practice and an individual patient or the patient’s legal representative or employer in which the health care provider agrees to provide primary care services to the patient for an agreed-upon subscription fee and period of time.
A valid direct primary care agreement is in writing and satisfies all of the following:
Read the full summary Show less
1. It is signed by the health care provider or an agent of the health care provider and the individual patient, the patient’s legal representative, or a representative of the patient’s employer.
2. It allows either party to terminate the agreement upon written notice.
3. It describes and quantifies the specific primary care services that are provided under the agreement.
4. It specifies the subscription fee for the agreement and specifies terms for termination of the agreement.
5. It specifies the duration of the agreement.
6. It prohibits the provider and patient from billing an insurer or any other third party on a fee-for-service basis for the primary care services included in the subscription fee under the agreement.
7. It prominently states, in writing, several provisions, including that the agreement is not health insurance and the agreement alone may not satisfy individual or employer insurance coverage requirements under federal law; that the patient is responsible for paying, or directing the patient’s employer to pay, the provider for all services that are not included in the subscription fee under the agreement; that the patient is encouraged to consult with a health insurance advisor, the patient’s health insurance carrier, or the patient’s employer-sponsored health plan, as applicable, before entering into the agreement; and that direct primary care fees might not be credited toward deductibles or out-of-pocket maximum amounts under any health insurance the patient has.
Under the bill, a health care provider may not decline to enter into or terminate a direct primary care agreement with a patient solely because of the patient’s health status. The bill allows a health care provider to decline to accept a patient for a direct primary care agreement only if the health care provider’s practice has reached its maximum patient capacity or if the patient’s medical condition is such that the health care provider is unable to provide the appropriate level and type of primary care services the patient requires. A health care provider may terminate a direct primary care agreement with a patient only if the patient or the patient’s employer fails to pay the subscription fee, the patient fails repeatedly to adhere to the treatment plan, the patient has performed an act of fraud related to the direct primary care agreement, the patient is abusive in a manner described in the bill, the health care provider discontinues operation as a direct primary care provider, or the health care provider believes that the relationship is no longer therapeutic for the patient due to a dysfunctional relationship between the provider and the patient.
Who's behind it
4 senators are its . All 4 are Republicans.
11 more lawmakers .
See all 15 names Hide the names
Authors (4)
- Rachael Cabral-Guevara · Republican, Senate
- Chris Kapenga · Republican, Senate
- Steve Nass · Republican, Senate
- Patrick Testin · Republican, Senate
Signed on in support (11)
- Dave Armstrong · Republican, Assembly
- Rob Brooks · Republican, Assembly
- Barbara Dittrich · Republican, Assembly
- Cindi Duchow · Republican, Assembly
- Karen Hurd · Republican, Assembly
- Rob Hutton · Republican, Senate
- Dave Murphy · Republican, Assembly
- Jerry O'Connor · Republican, Assembly
- Jessie Rodriguez · Republican, Assembly
- Cory Tomczyk · Republican, Senate
- Chuck Wichgers · Republican, Assembly
Versions and amendments
Every text the Legislature printed for this bill, including proposed changes. Each opens on the Legislature's site.
How lawmakers voted
There were 3 votes on this bill.
Senate Committee on Health vote to recommend it
Passed, 3 to 2 · Feb 21, 2025
No member-by-member record exists for this vote. Committee votes and some older sessions record totals only.
Official motion: “Report passage recommended by Committee on Health, Ayes 3, Noes 2”. Official record · This vote on its own page
Senate vote on an amendment
Passed, 18 to 14 · Mar 18, 2025
No member-by-member record exists for this vote. Committee votes and some older sessions record totals only.
Official motion: “Senate Amendment 1 rejected, Ayes 18, Noes 14”. Official record · This vote on its own page
Senate vote to pass it
Passed, 18 to 14 · Mar 18, 2025 · 1 didn't vote
See how each of the 33 senators voted Hide the names
D: Democrat, R: Republican
Yes (18)
- André Jacque (R, 1)
- Chris Kapenga (R, 33)
- Cory Tomczyk (R, 29)
- Dan Feyen (R, 20)
- Devin LeMahieu (R, 9)
- Eric Wimberger (R, 2)
- Howard Marklein (R, 17)
- Jesse James (R, 23)
- John Jagler (R, 13)
- Julian Bradley (R, 28)
- Mary Felzkowski (R, 12)
- Patrick Testin (R, 24)
- Rachael Cabral-Guevara (R, 19)
- Rob Hutton (R, 5)
- Rob Stafsholt (R, 10)
- Romaine Quinn (R, 25)
- Steve Nass (R, 11)
- Van Wanggaard (R, 21)
No (14)
- Bob Wirch (D, 22)
- Brad Pfaff (D, 32)
- Chris Larson (D, 7)
- Dianne Hesselbein (D, 27)
- Dora Drake (D, 4)
- Jamie Wall (D, 30)
- Jeff Smith (D, 31)
- Jodi Habush Sinykin (D, 8)
- Kristin Dassler-Alfheim (D, 18)
- LaTonya Johnson (D, 6)
- Mark Spreitzer (D, 15)
- Melissa Ratcliff (D, 16)
- Sarah Keyeski (D, 14)
- Tim Carpenter (D, 3)
Didn't vote (1)
- Kelda Roys (D, 26)
Official motion: “PASSAGE”. Official record · This vote on its own page
What happened
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May 13, 2026
The veto stood. Lawmakers didn't override it.
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Aug 11, 2025
The governor vetoed it.
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Aug 7, 2025
Sent to the governor.
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May 13, 2025
The Assembly passed it too.
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Apr 24, 2025
Sent to the Assembly Committee on Rules.
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Mar 19, 2025
The Assembly received it.
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Mar 18, 2025
The Senate passed it, 18 to 14.
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Mar 10, 2025
1 more senator signed on in support.
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Feb 21, 2025
The committee voted to recommend passing it, 3 to 2.
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Feb 12, 2025
The committee held a public hearing.
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Feb 6, 2025
1 more senator signed on in support.
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Jan 24, 2025
Sent to the Senate Committee on Health.
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Jan 24, 2025
Introduced in the Senate.
See the official record, word for word Hide the official record
- Jan 24, 2025 · Senate
Introduced by Senators Cabral-Guevara, Kapenga, Nass and Testin; cosponsored by Representatives Duchow, Brooks, Armstrong, Dittrich, Hurd, Murphy, O'Connor, Rodriguez and Wichgers
- Jan 24, 2025 · Senate
Read first time and referred to Committee on Health
- Feb 6, 2025 · Senate
Senator Tomczyk added as a coauthor
- Feb 12, 2025 · Senate
Public hearing held
- Feb 20, 2025 · Senate
Executive action taken
- Feb 21, 2025 · Senate
Report passage recommended by Committee on Health, Ayes 3, Noes 2
- Feb 21, 2025 · Senate
Available for scheduling
- Mar 10, 2025 · Senate
Senator Hutton added as a coauthor
- Mar 14, 2025 · Senate
Placed on calendar 3-18-2025 pursuant to Senate Rule 18(1)
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Senate Amendment 1 offered by Senators Spreitzer, Ratcliff, Carpenter, Dassler-Alfheim, Roys, Pfaff, Smith, Drake, Habush Sinykin, Hesselbein, L. Johnson, Keyeski, Larson and Wall
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Read a second time
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Senate Amendment 1 rejected, Ayes 18, Noes 14
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Ordered to a third reading
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Rules suspended to give bill its third reading
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Read a third time and passed, Ayes 18, Noes 14
- Mar 18, 2025 · Senate
Ordered immediately messaged
- Mar 19, 2025 · Assembly
Received from Senate
- Apr 24, 2025 · Assembly
Read first time and referred to committee on Rules
- May 9, 2025 · Assembly
Withdrawn from committee on Rules and referred to calendar of 5-13-2025
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Rules suspended to withdraw from calendar and take up
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Read a second time
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Ordered to a third reading
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Rules suspended
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Read a third time and concurred in
- May 13, 2025 · Assembly
Ordered immediately messaged
- May 13, 2025 · Senate
Received from Assembly concurred in
- May 14, 2025 · Senate
Report correctly enrolled
- Aug 7, 2025 · Senate
Presented to the Governor on 8-7-2025
- Aug 11, 2025 · Senate
Report vetoed by the Governor on 8-8-2025
- May 12, 2026 · Senate
Placed on calendar 5-12-2026 pursuant to Joint Rule 82 (2)(a)
- May 13, 2026 · Senate
Failed to pass notwithstanding the objections of the Governor pursuant to Joint Rule 82
Terms on this page
Veto override
Lawmakers can still pass a bill the governor vetoed, but it takes two-thirds of each chamber.
Legislative Reference Bureau
The Legislature's nonpartisan office that drafts bills and writes the summary at the top of each one.
Official term: LRB analysis. More in the glossary
Author
A lawmaker who formally puts a bill forward. The text itself is drafted by the Legislative Reference Bureau.
Official term: Author, coauthor. More in the glossary
Signed on in support
Lawmakers who back a bill without being one of its authors, often from the other chamber.
Official term: Cosponsor. More in the glossary
Roll call
A vote where each lawmaker's yes or no is recorded by name.
Official term: Roll call vote. More in the glossary
From the Wisconsin Legislature's official record, checked Sep 15, 2026. See the source
Veto override
Lawmakers can still pass a bill the governor vetoed, but it takes two-thirds of each chamber.
Legislative Reference Bureau
The Legislature's nonpartisan office that drafts bills and writes the summary at the top of each one.
Official term: LRB analysis
Signed on in support
Lawmakers who back a bill without being one of its authors, often from the other chamber.
Official term: Cosponsor
Roll call
A vote where each lawmaker's yes or no is recorded by name.
Official term: Roll call vote