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Bills from the 2025–26 session

Senate Bill 4

Agreements for direct primary care

Topics: Contracts, Insurance, Insurance: Health, Medical service: Occupations, Physician

Vetoed by the governor

Both chambers passed it, and the governor vetoed it on Aug 11, 2025. Lawmakers did not ⁠, so it stands.

  1. Introduced, passed

    Jan 24, 2025

  2. Committee, passed

    Approved

  3. Senate vote, passed

    Passed 18 to 14

  4. Assembly vote, passed

    Passed May 13, 2025

  5. Governor, stopped here

    Vetoed Aug 11, 2025.

  6. Law, not reached

Latest entry in the official record, May 13, 2026: “Failed to pass notwithstanding the objections of the Governor pursuant to Joint Rule 82”

Read the governor's veto message · All vetoes this session

Read the bill

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The same bill was also filed in the Assembly as AB 8. That version died when the session ended.

What it would have done

Summary by the , the Legislature's nonpartisan drafting office. It's their wording, not ours.

This bill exempts valid direct primary care agreements from the application of insurance law. A “direct primary care agreement,” as defined in the bill, is a contract between a health care provider that provides primary care services under the provider’s scope of practice and an individual patient or the patient’s legal representative or employer in which the health care provider agrees to provide primary care services to the patient for an agreed-upon subscription fee and period of time.

A valid direct primary care agreement is in writing and satisfies all of the following:

Read the full summary

1. It is signed by the health care provider or an agent of the health care provider and the individual patient, the patient’s legal representative, or a representative of the patient’s employer.

2. It allows either party to terminate the agreement upon written notice.

3. It describes and quantifies the specific primary care services that are provided under the agreement.

4. It specifies the subscription fee for the agreement and specifies terms for termination of the agreement.

5. It specifies the duration of the agreement.

6. It prohibits the provider and patient from billing an insurer or any other third party on a fee-for-service basis for the primary care services included in the subscription fee under the agreement.

7. It prominently states, in writing, several provisions, including that the agreement is not health insurance and the agreement alone may not satisfy individual or employer insurance coverage requirements under federal law; that the patient is responsible for paying, or directing the patient’s employer to pay, the provider for all services that are not included in the subscription fee under the agreement; that the patient is encouraged to consult with a health insurance advisor, the patient’s health insurance carrier, or the patient’s employer-sponsored health plan, as applicable, before entering into the agreement; and that direct primary care fees might not be credited toward deductibles or out-of-pocket maximum amounts under any health insurance the patient has.

Under the bill, a health care provider may not decline to enter into or terminate a direct primary care agreement with a patient solely because of the patient’s health status. The bill allows a health care provider to decline to accept a patient for a direct primary care agreement only if the health care provider’s practice has reached its maximum patient capacity or if the patient’s medical condition is such that the health care provider is unable to provide the appropriate level and type of primary care services the patient requires. A health care provider may terminate a direct primary care agreement with a patient only if the patient or the patient’s employer fails to pay the subscription fee, the patient fails repeatedly to adhere to the treatment plan, the patient has performed an act of fraud related to the direct primary care agreement, the patient is abusive in a manner described in the bill, the health care provider discontinues operation as a direct primary care provider, or the health care provider believes that the relationship is no longer therapeutic for the patient due to a dysfunctional relationship between the provider and the patient.

Who's behind it

4 senators are its ⁠. All 4 are Republicans.

11 more lawmakers ⁠.

See all 15 names

Authors (4)

Signed on in support (11)

Versions and amendments

Every text the Legislature printed for this bill, including proposed changes. Each opens on the Legislature's site.

How lawmakers voted

There were 3 votes on this bill.

Senate Committee on Health vote to recommend it

Passed, 3 to 2 · Feb 21, 2025

No member-by-member record exists for this vote. Committee votes and some older sessions record totals only.

Official motion: “Report passage recommended by Committee on Health, Ayes 3, Noes 2”. Official record · This vote on its own page

Senate vote on an amendment

Passed, 18 to 14 · Mar 18, 2025

No member-by-member record exists for this vote. Committee votes and some older sessions record totals only.

Official motion: “Senate Amendment 1 rejected, Ayes 18, Noes 14”. Official record · This vote on its own page

Senate vote to pass it

Passed, 18 to 14 · Mar 18, 2025 · 1 didn't vote

See how each of the 33 senators voted

D: Democrat, R: Republican

Official motion: “PASSAGE”. Official record · This vote on its own page

What happened

  1. May 13, 2026

    The veto stood. Lawmakers didn't override it.

  2. Aug 11, 2025

    The governor vetoed it.

  3. Aug 7, 2025

    Sent to the governor.

  4. May 13, 2025

    The Assembly passed it too.

  5. Apr 24, 2025

    Sent to the Assembly Committee on Rules.

  6. Mar 19, 2025

    The Assembly received it.

  7. Mar 18, 2025

    The Senate passed it, 18 to 14.

  8. Mar 10, 2025

    1 more senator signed on in support.

  9. Feb 21, 2025

    The committee voted to recommend passing it, 3 to 2.

  10. Feb 12, 2025

    The committee held a public hearing.

  11. Feb 6, 2025

    1 more senator signed on in support.

  12. Jan 24, 2025

    Sent to the Senate Committee on Health.

  13. Jan 24, 2025

    Introduced in the Senate.

See the official record, word for word
  1. Jan 24, 2025 · Senate

    Introduced by Senators Cabral-Guevara, Kapenga, Nass and Testin; cosponsored by Representatives Duchow, Brooks, Armstrong, Dittrich, Hurd, Murphy, O'Connor, Rodriguez and Wichgers

  2. Jan 24, 2025 · Senate

    Read first time and referred to Committee on Health

  3. Feb 6, 2025 · Senate

    Senator Tomczyk added as a coauthor

  4. Feb 12, 2025 · Senate

    Public hearing held

  5. Feb 20, 2025 · Senate

    Executive action taken

  6. Feb 21, 2025 · Senate

    Report passage recommended by Committee on Health, Ayes 3, Noes 2

  7. Feb 21, 2025 · Senate

    Available for scheduling

  8. Mar 10, 2025 · Senate

    Senator Hutton added as a coauthor

  9. Mar 14, 2025 · Senate

    Placed on calendar 3-18-2025 pursuant to Senate Rule 18(1)

  10. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Senate Amendment 1 offered by Senators Spreitzer, Ratcliff, Carpenter, Dassler-Alfheim, Roys, Pfaff, Smith, Drake, Habush Sinykin, Hesselbein, L. Johnson, Keyeski, Larson and Wall

  11. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Read a second time

  12. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Senate Amendment 1 rejected, Ayes 18, Noes 14

  13. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Ordered to a third reading

  14. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Rules suspended to give bill its third reading

  15. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Read a third time and passed, Ayes 18, Noes 14

  16. Mar 18, 2025 · Senate

    Ordered immediately messaged

  17. Mar 19, 2025 · Assembly

    Received from Senate

  18. Apr 24, 2025 · Assembly

    Read first time and referred to committee on Rules

  19. May 9, 2025 · Assembly

    Withdrawn from committee on Rules and referred to calendar of 5-13-2025

  20. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Rules suspended to withdraw from calendar and take up

  21. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Read a second time

  22. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Ordered to a third reading

  23. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Rules suspended

  24. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Read a third time and concurred in

  25. May 13, 2025 · Assembly

    Ordered immediately messaged

  26. May 13, 2025 · Senate

    Received from Assembly concurred in

  27. May 14, 2025 · Senate

    Report correctly enrolled

  28. Aug 7, 2025 · Senate

    Presented to the Governor on 8-7-2025

  29. Aug 11, 2025 · Senate

    Report vetoed by the Governor on 8-8-2025

  30. May 12, 2026 · Senate

    Placed on calendar 5-12-2026 pursuant to Joint Rule 82 (2)(a)

  31. May 13, 2026 · Senate

    Failed to pass notwithstanding the objections of the Governor pursuant to Joint Rule 82

Terms on this page

Veto override

Lawmakers can still pass a bill the governor vetoed, but it takes two-thirds of each chamber.

More in the glossary

Legislative Reference Bureau

The Legislature's nonpartisan office that drafts bills and writes the summary at the top of each one.

Official term: LRB analysis. More in the glossary

Author

A lawmaker who formally puts a bill forward. The text itself is drafted by the Legislative Reference Bureau.

Official term: Author, coauthor. More in the glossary

Signed on in support

Lawmakers who back a bill without being one of its authors, often from the other chamber.

Official term: Cosponsor. More in the glossary

Roll call

A vote where each lawmaker's yes or no is recorded by name.

Official term: Roll call vote. More in the glossary

From the Wisconsin Legislature's official record, checked Sep 15, 2026. See the source

Veto override

Lawmakers can still pass a bill the governor vetoed, but it takes two-thirds of each chamber.

Legislative Reference Bureau

The Legislature's nonpartisan office that drafts bills and writes the summary at the top of each one.

Official term: LRB analysis

Author

A lawmaker who formally puts a bill forward. The text itself is drafted by the Legislative Reference Bureau.

Official term: Author, coauthor

Signed on in support

Lawmakers who back a bill without being one of its authors, often from the other chamber.

Official term: Cosponsor

Roll call

A vote where each lawmaker's yes or no is recorded by name.

Official term: Roll call vote