Subjects

Alcohol beverage — Regulation

173 bills across 7 sessions, from the Legislature's subject index.

• AB 50 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2025 legislature. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 73 Relating to: statutory recognition of specialized treatment court and commercial court dockets. Vetoed 2025
• SB 45 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2025 legislature. (FE) Became law 2025
• SB 80 Relating to: statutory recognition of specialized treatment court and commercial court dockets. Died at session end 2025
• AB 113 Relating to: sharing minors’ safety plans. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 178 Relating to: expanding the treatment alternatives and diversion programs. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 211 Relating to: exempting tobacco bars from the public smoking ban. Vetoed 2025
• AB 304 Relating to: a grant to assist in the purchase and renovation of an existing facility in the city of Chippewa Falls to provide a 50-bed treatment center to men with substance use disorders. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 338 Relating to: coverage of treatment for mental health or substance use disorders under health insurance policies and plans. Died at session end 2025
• AB 606 Relating to: regulation of hemp-derived cannabinoid products, renaming the Division of Alcohol Beverages as the Division of Intoxicating Products, creating an occupational tax on hemp-derived cannabinoid products, alcohol beverage warehouses and production arrangements, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 607 Relating to: housing and homelessness; emergency rental assistance program; indigent civil legal services; workforce development; community action agencies; poverty reports; mental health; economic security; reimbursement for nonemergency medical transportation services; urban mass transit aid; lead exposure and abatement services; lead service line replacement; providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures; granting rule-making authority; and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 705 Relating to: the issuance of an alcohol beverage retail license for premises where certain art-related business is conducted. Died at session end 2025
• AB 950 Relating to: beer festivals conducted under temporary retail licenses; inapplicability of a sales tax exemption to beer festivals. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 108 Relating to: sharing minors’ safety plans. (FE) Became law 2025
• SB 153 Relating to: expanding the treatment alternatives and diversion programs. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 211 Relating to: exempting tobacco bars from the public smoking ban. Died at session end 2025
• SB 308 Relating to: a grant to assist in the purchase and renovation of an existing facility in the city of Chippewa Falls to provide a 50-bed treatment center to men with substance use disorders. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 342 Relating to: coverage of treatment for mental health or substance use disorders under health insurance policies and plans. Died at session end 2025
• SB 605 Relating to: housing and homelessness; emergency rental assistance program; indigent civil legal services; workforce development; community action agencies; poverty reports; mental health; economic security; reimbursement for nonemergency medical transportation services; urban mass transit aid; lead exposure and abatement services; lead service line replacement; providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures; granting rule-making authority; and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 681 Relating to: regulation of hemp-derived cannabinoid products, renaming the Division of Alcohol Beverages as the Division of Intoxicating Products, creating an occupational tax on hemp-derived cannabinoid products, alcohol beverage warehouses and production arrangements, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 691 Relating to: the issuance of an alcohol beverage retail license for premises where certain art-related business is conducted. Died at session end 2025
• SB 749 Relating to: substance abuse counselor-in-training, clinical supervisor-in-training, and prevention specialist-in-training certifications. Died at session end 2025
• SB 930 Relating to: beer festivals conducted under temporary retail licenses; inapplicability of a sales tax exemption to beer festivals. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 1035 Relating to: expanding the Wisconsin deflection initiative and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 1081 Relating to: modifying administrative rules relating to regulation of opioid treatment programs and requiring adjustments to the rates for substance use disorder treatment services with medications for opioid use disorder. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 1194 Relating to: the sale of alcohol beverages by a municipality or county in a park. Died at session end 2025
• SB 1014 Relating to: expanding the Wisconsin deflection initiative and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• SB 1047 Relating to: modifying administrative rules relating to regulation of opioid treatment programs and requiring adjustments to the rates for substance use disorder treatment services with medications for opioid use disorder. (FE) Died at session end 2025
• AB 43 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2023 legislature. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• SB 70 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2023 legislature. (FE) Became law 2023
• AB 127 Relating to: the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages and remote orders for the sale of alcohol beverages to be delivered or picked up on retail licensed premises. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• AB 260 Relating to: open alcohol containers in or on all-terrain or utility terrain vehicles. Died at session end 2023
• AB 273 Relating to: Department of Revenue enforcement and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• AB 286 Relating to: service of alcohol beverages on retail licensed premises by underage persons. Died at session end 2023
• AB 304 Relating to: creating the Division of Alcohol Beverages attached to the Department of Revenue; the regulation of alcohol beverages and enforcement of alcohol beverage laws; interest restrictions relating to, and authorized activities of, brewers, brewpubs, wineries, manufacturers, rectifiers, wholesalers, and retailers; shipping alcohol beverages by means of fulfillment houses and common carriers; the consumption of alcohol beverages in a public place; creating a no-sale event venue permit; creating an operator's permit; liquor licenses transferred from one municipality to another; retailers' authorized activities; liquor license quotas; the safe ride program; the presence of underage persons and conduct of other business on licensed premises; the occupational tax on alcohol beverages; repealing a rule promulgated by the Department of Revenue; granting rule-making authority; and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• AB 451 Relating to: exempting tobacco bars from the public smoking ban. Died at session end 2023
• AB 866 Relating to: the sale of alcohol beverages by a municipality or county in a park. Died at session end 2023
• AB 880 Relating to: providing alcohol beverage retailers with identification scanners. Died at session end 2023
• SB 130 Relating to: the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages and remote orders for the sale of alcohol beverages to be delivered or picked up on retail licensed premises. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• SB 262 Relating to: open alcohol containers in or on all-terrain or utility terrain vehicles. Died at session end 2023
• SB 268 Relating to: Department of Revenue enforcement and providing a penalty. (FE) Became law 2023
• SB 279 Relating to: service of alcohol beverages on retail licensed premises by underage persons. Died at session end 2023
• SB 332 Relating to: creating the Division of Alcohol Beverages attached to the Department of Revenue; the regulation of alcohol beverages and enforcement of alcohol beverage laws; interest restrictions relating to, and authorized activities of, brewers, brewpubs, wineries, manufacturers, rectifiers, wholesalers, and retailers; shipping alcohol beverages by means of fulfillment houses and common carriers; the consumption of alcohol beverages in a public place; creating a no-sale event venue permit; creating an operator's permit; liquor licenses transferred from one municipality to another; retailers' authorized activities; liquor license quotas; the safe ride program; the presence of underage persons and conduct of other business on licensed premises; the occupational tax on alcohol beverages; repealing a rule promulgated by the Department of Revenue; granting rule-making authority; and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2023
• SB 471 Relating to: exempting tobacco bars from the public smoking ban. Died at session end 2023
• SB 827 Relating to: providing alcohol beverage retailers with identification scanners. Died at session end 2023
• SB 848 Relating to: the sale of alcohol beverages by a municipality or county in a park. Died at session end 2023
• AB 1185 Relating to: allowing towns to exceed their retail liquor license quota by issuing one additional retail license. Died at session end 2023
• AB 32 Relating to: the retail sale of intoxicating liquor by the glass for consumption away from the licensed premises. Became law 2021
• AB 68 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2021 legislature. (FE) Became law 2021
• AB 70 Relating to: remote orders for the sale of alcohol beverages to be picked up on retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2021
• AB 71 Relating to: alcohol beverages delivery and the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages. Died at session end 2021
• SB 22 Relating to: the retail sale of intoxicating liquor by the glass for consumption away from the licensed premises. Died at session end 2021
• SB 56 Relating to: remote orders for the sale of alcohol beverages to be picked up on retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2021
• SB 57 Relating to: alcohol beverages delivery and the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages. Died at session end 2021
• AB 231 Relating to: the issuance by the Department of Revenue of retail alcohol beverage permits for motor vehicle racetrack grounds and authorizing caterers to make retail sales of alcohol beverages on racetrack grounds. (FE) Died at session end 2021
• AB 242 Relating to: sales tax holiday for sales at certain establishments. (FE) Died at session end 2021
• AB 250 Relating to: Department of Revenue enforcement and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2021
• AB 277 Relating to: sales of alcohol beverages at the state fair park. Became law 2021
• AB 364 Relating to: the penalty for a retailer's purchasing or possessing of alcohol beverages from a source other than a wholesaler and credit transactions between retailers and wholesalers. Died at session end 2021
• SB 111 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2021 legislature. (FE) Died at session end 2021
• SB 266 Relating to: the issuance by the Department of Revenue of retail alcohol beverage permits for motor vehicle racetrack grounds and authorizing caterers to make retail sales of alcohol beverages on racetrack grounds. (FE) Became law 2021
• SB 282 Relating to: sales of alcohol beverages at the state fair park. Died at session end 2021
• SB 285 Relating to: Department of Revenue enforcement and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2021
• SB 959 Relating to: the sales territories of beer wholesalers and self-distribution by brewers. Died at session end 2021
• SB 960 Relating to: distribution of intoxicating liquor to retailers by manufacturers, rectifiers, wineries, and out-of-state shippers. Died at session end 2021
• AB 1034 Relating to: the sales territories of beer wholesalers and self-distribution by brewers. Died at session end 2021
• AB 1035 Relating to: distribution of intoxicating liquor to retailers by manufacturers, rectifiers, wineries, and out-of-state shippers. Died at session end 2021
• AB 56 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2019 legislature. Became law 2019
• AB 74 Relating to: retail sales of intoxicating liquor for consumption off the licensed premises. Died at session end 2019
• AB 92 Relating to: enforcement of alcohol beverage laws against out-of-state alcohol beverage shippers and direct wine shippers. Died at session end 2019
• SB 59 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2019 legislature. Died at session end 2019
• SB 83 Relating to: retail sales of intoxicating liquor for consumption off the licensed premises. Became law 2019
• AB 131 Relating to: the veterans outreach and recovery program and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• AB 216 Relating to: issuance by municipalities of alcohol beverage operator's licenses. Died at session end 2019
• AB 362 Relating to: remote orders for the sale of alcohol beverages to be picked up on retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2019
• AB 363 Relating to: alcohol beverages delivery and the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages. Died at session end 2019
• AB 385 Relating to: retail liquor license quotas. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• AB 434 Relating to: the issuance by the Department of Revenue of retail alcohol beverage permits for motor vehicle racetrack grounds, authorizing caterers to make retail sales of alcohol beverages on racetrack grounds, and hours for retail sales by brewers. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• AB 571 Relating to: credit transactions between beer retailers and beer wholesalers. Died at session end 2019
• AB 869 Relating to: creating a private event venue permit issued by the Department of Revenue; the issuance by the Department of Revenue of retail alcohol beverage permits for motor vehicle racetrack grounds and for the state fair park; authorizing caterers to make retail sales of alcohol beverages on racetrack grounds; closing hours for certain alcohol beverage retailers and wineries and hours for retail sales by brewers; and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• AB 886 Relating to: authorized activities of brewers and wineries. Died at session end 2019
• SB 141 Relating to: the veterans outreach and recovery program and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• SB 203 Relating to: issuance by municipalities of alcohol beverage operator's licenses. Became law 2019
• SB 353 Relating to: retail liquor license quotas. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• SB 395 Relating to: the issuance by the Department of Revenue of retail alcohol beverage permits for motor vehicle racetrack grounds, authorizing caterers to make retail sales of alcohol beverages on racetrack grounds, and hours for retail sales by brewers. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• SB 450 Relating to: alcohol beverages delivery and the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages. Died at session end 2019
• SB 520 Relating to: requiring continuing education on suicide prevention for physicians, psychologists, social workers, marriage and family therapists, professional counselors, and substance abuse counselors and requiring the exercise of rule-making authority. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• SB 544 Relating to: credit transactions between beer retailers and beer wholesalers. Died at session end 2019
• SB 931 Relating to: alcohol beverages delivery and the face-to-face requirement for retail sales of alcohol beverages during a declared public health emergency. Died at session end 2019
• AB 1006 Relating to: providing grants to certain county or tribal treatment alternatives and diversion programs and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2019
• AB 64 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2017 legislature. Became law 2017
• SB 71 Relating to: the manufacture, sale, and taxation of powdered alcohol. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• SB 89 Relating to: tax administration changes, the police and fire protection fee, defining restaurant for purposes of alcohol beverage regulation, lottery ticket couriers, background investigations of persons associated with the lottery, and providing a criminal penalty. (FE) Became law 2017
• AB 121 Relating to: the manufacture, sale, and taxation of powdered alcohol. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 140 Relating to: tax administration changes, the police and fire protection fee, defining restaurant for purposes of alcohol beverage regulation, lottery ticket couriers, background investigations of persons associated with the lottery, and providing a criminal penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 194 Relating to: the prohibition against underage persons being present on alcohol licensed premises. Became law 2017
• AB 262 Relating to: interest restrictions between brewers and retailers, and authorized activities of brewers, in connection with a certain redevelopment project in the city of Milwaukee. Died at session end 2017
• AB 275 Relating to: the prohibition against adults knowingly permitting or failing to take action to prevent the illegal consumption of alcohol beverages by underage persons. Died at session end 2017
• AB 433 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2017
• AB 450 Relating to: retail sales of alcohol beverages at the Ozaukee County fairgrounds. Became law 2017
• AB 492 Relating to: creating a distillpub permit authorizing the manufacture, rectification, and sale of distilled spirits; retail interests relating to distillpubs and brewpubs; quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses; location and production limits on brewpubs; retail sales of intoxicating liquor by brewers; retail licenses held by wineries and closing hours for retail sales by wineries; small winery cooperative wholesalers; minimum customer requirements for alcohol beverage wholesalers; and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 505 Relating to: the source of supply for temporary retail alcohol beverage licensees. Died at session end 2017
• AB 509 Relating to: taste samples of fermented apple or pear cider provided by a winery. Died at session end 2017
• AB 752 Relating to: applications for alcohol beverage licenses and permits and for cigarette and tobacco products retailer licenses, appointment of corporate agents of alcohol beverage licensees and permittees, and providing a penalty. (FE) Became law 2017
• AB 826 Relating to: state-certified Wisconsin beer. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 875 Relating to: open alcohol containers in or on all-terrain or utility terrain vehicles and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 989 Relating to: creating a resort manufacturer permit authorizing the production and sale of intoxicating liquor, and activities and retail interests of resort manufacturers; creating an Office of Alcohol Beverages Enforcement attached to the Department of Revenue and transferring alcohol beverages regulation and enforcement functions to this office; and making appropriations. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• SB 153 Relating to: the prohibition against underage persons being present on alcohol licensed premises. Died at session end 2017
• SB 185 Relating to: interest restrictions between brewers and retailers, and authorized activities of brewers, in connection with a certain redevelopment project in the city of Milwaukee. Died at session end 2017
• SB 202 Relating to: the prohibition against adults knowingly permitting or failing to take action to prevent the illegal consumption of alcohol beverages by underage persons. Became law 2017
• SB 311 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2017
• SB 366 Relating to: retail sales of alcohol beverages at the Ozaukee County fairgrounds. Died at session end 2017
• SB 409 Relating to: taste samples of fermented apple or pear cider provided by a winery. Died at session end 2017
• SB 418 Relating to: creating a distillpub permit authorizing the manufacture, rectification, and sale of distilled spirits; retail interests relating to distillpubs and brewpubs; quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses; location and production limits on brewpubs; retail sales of intoxicating liquor by brewers; retail licenses held by wineries and closing hours for retail sales by wineries; small winery cooperative wholesalers; minimum customer requirements for alcohol beverage wholesalers; and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• SB 428 Relating to: the source of supply for temporary retail alcohol beverage licensees. Died at session end 2017
• SB 632 Relating to: applications for alcohol beverage licenses and permits and for cigarette and tobacco products retailer licenses, appointment of corporate agents of alcohol beverage licensees and permittees, and providing a penalty. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• SB 698 Relating to: state-certified Wisconsin beer. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• SB 801 Relating to: creating a resort manufacturer permit authorizing the production and sale of intoxicating liquor, and activities and retail interests of resort manufacturers; creating an Office of Alcohol Beverages Enforcement attached to the Department of Revenue and transferring alcohol beverages regulation and enforcement functions to this office; and making appropriations. (FE) Died at session end 2017
• AB 1000 Relating to: authorized activities of brewers and wineries. Died at session end 2017
• AB 18 Relating to: taste samples of intoxicating liquor provided on certain retail licensed premises. Became law 2015
• AB 38 Relating to: the issuance of retail alcohol beverage licenses for premises on which another business is conducted and the presence of underage persons on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. (FE) Died at session end 2015
• AB 72 Relating to: prohibiting the sale of powdered alcohol. Died at session end 2015
• SB 10 Relating to: prohibiting the sale of powdered alcohol. Died at session end 2015
• SB 16 Relating to: taste samples of intoxicating liquor provided on certain retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2015
• SB 21 Relating to: state finances and appropriations, constituting the executive budget act of the 2015 legislature. Became law 2015
• SB 37 Relating to: the issuance of retail alcohol beverage licenses for premises on which another business is conducted and the presence of underage persons on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. (FE) Became law 2015
• SB 60 Relating to: taste samples of fermented apple cider provided by a winery. Died at session end 2015
• AB 286 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2015
• AB 315 Relating to: the presence of underage persons on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. Died at session end 2015
• AB 317 Relating to: retail licenses held by wineries. Died at session end 2015
• AB 320 Relating to: temporary alcohol beverage retail licenses. (FE) Died at session end 2015
• AB 331 Relating to: taste samples of fermented apple cider provided by a winery. Died at session end 2015
• AB 391 Relating to: authorized activities of Class A beer retailers and of brewers. Died at session end 2015
• AB 404 Relating to: the sale of alcohol beverages by a municipality or county in a park. Died at session end 2015
• AB 612 Relating to: municipal quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses. (FE) Became law 2015
• AB 624 Relating to: retaining invoices for the sale of malt beverages and intoxicating liquors and the local option for issuing liquor licenses. (FE) Became law 2015
• AB 642 Relating to: retail licenses held by wineries. Died at session end 2015
• AB 802 Relating to: the prohibition against adults knowingly permitting or failing to take action to prevent the illegal consumption of alcohol beverages by underage persons. Died at session end 2015
• AB 864 Relating to: alcohol beverages violations involving underage persons that occur on licensed premises. Became law 2015
• SB 212 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2015
• SB 223 Relating to: retail licenses held by wineries. Died at session end 2015
• SB 226 Relating to: the presence of underage persons on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. Became law 2015
• SB 236 Relating to: temporary alcohol beverage retail licenses. (FE) Became law 2015
• SB 246 Relating to: retail liquor license quotas. (FE) Died at session end 2015
• SB 283 Relating to: authorized activities of Class A beer retailers and of brewers. Died at session end 2015
• SB 535 Relating to: municipal quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses. (FE) Died at session end 2015
• SB 8 Relating to: alcohol sale, possession, and consumption at Peninsula State Park. Became law 2013
• AB 12 Relating to: alcohol sale, possession, and consumption at Peninsula State Park. Died at session end 2013
• AB 61 Relating to: alcohol beverages violations involving underage persons on licensed premises. Became law 2013
• SB 46 Relating to: alcohol beverages violations involving underage persons on licensed premises. Died at session end 2013
• AB 168 Relating to: allowing the town of Union in Eau Claire County to exceed its retail liquor license quota by issuing one additional retail license. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• AB 169 Relating to: the consumption of alcohol beverages on commercial quadricycles and providing a penalty. Became law 2013
• AB 344 Relating to: taste samples of intoxicating liquor provided on certain retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2013
• AB 535 Relating to: prohibiting municipalities from providing alcohol beverages retailers with identification scanners. Died at session end 2013
• AB 600 Relating to: the furnishing of intoxicating liquor taste samples at certain retailer trade association events. Died at session end 2013
• AB 601 Relating to: creating an exception to the prohibition against underage persons entering or being on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. Died at session end 2013
• AB 632 Relating to: retail liquor license quotas. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• AB 642 Relating to: the sale, of high-concentration alcohol beverages and providing penalties. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• AB 813 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2013
• AB 814 Relating to: municipal quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• AB 815 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries and the possession and consumption of intoxicating liquor and fermented malt beverages on retail premises of wineries. Died at session end 2013
• AB 855 Relating to: authorized activities of Class A beer retailers and of brewers. Died at session end 2013
• AB 856 Relating to: creating a Wisconsin Beer Commission and making an appropriation. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• SB 250 Relating to: temporary alcohol beverage retail licenses issued to fair associations. Became law 2013
• SB 291 Relating to: the possession and consumption of alcohol beverages on, and operation of, commercial quadricycles and providing a penalty. Died at session end 2013
• SB 433 Relating to: prohibiting municipalities from providing alcohol beverages retailers with identification scanners. Became law 2013
• SB 452 Relating to: creating an exception to the prohibition against underage persons entering or being on premises operating under a retail alcohol beverage license. Became law 2013
• SB 453 Relating to: the furnishing of intoxicating liquor taste samples at certain retailer trade association events. Became law 2013
• SB 535 Relating to: taste samples of intoxicating liquor provided on certain retail licensed premises. Died at session end 2013
• SB 562 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries. Died at session end 2013
• SB 586 Relating to: municipal quotas for retail intoxicating liquor licenses. (FE) Died at session end 2013
• SB 597 Relating to: closing hours for retail sales by wineries and the possession and consumption of intoxicating liquor and fermented malt beverages on retail premises of wineries. Died at session end 2013
• SB 658 Relating to: authorized activities of Class A beer retailers and of brewers. Died at session end 2013