Every Bill Led or Signed
1,570 in total, newest first. Signing on adds a name to a bill; it is not the same as leading it. Showing 201–400.
- AB 928 Registration periods for certain motor vehicles and reuse of registration plates. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 913 Extending the time during which tax increments may be allocated and expenditures for project costs may be made, extending the maximum life, and increasing the number of allowed amendments to modify the boundaries for Tax Incremental District Number 5 in the city of Middleton. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 88 Requiring face coverings in certain situations and providing a penalty. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 846 Legalizing recreational marijuana, granting rule-making authority, making an appropriation, and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 801 Evaluating the social cost of carbon emissions. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 800 Required inclusions in the long-range statewide transportation plan. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 799 Grants for planting trees to address urban heat islands, eligible recipients for urban forestry grants, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 798 An energy efficiency grant program for school districts, funding for the University of Wisconsin System, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 797 Creating a grant program for farmers who use certain sustainable practices, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 796 Requiring bicycle and pedestrian facilities in highway projects and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 795 On-bill financing of energy improvements and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 794 Funding for certain research positions at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and special education aid and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 793 Funding of the Focus on Energy program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 792 Focus on Energy inclusion of programs promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy measures for low-income households. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 791 County conservation staff for climate change resiliency purposes and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 790 Providing grants for food waste reduction pilot projects and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 789 Consideration of climate change in certain local plans and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 788 Grants for regional biodigesters, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 787 Report on environmental impacts to vulnerable communities and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 786 Creating a stretch energy code. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 785 Climate change scholarships, funding for special education aid, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 784 Creating the Wisconsin Climate Corps program, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 783 Model academic standards related to climate change; grants to develop climate change curriculum resources; funding for the University of Wisconsin System and special education; and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 782 The Energy Innovation Grant Program and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 781 Green jobs training program grants, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, and making an appropriation. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 753 Adding positions for the veterans outreach and recovery program and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 752 Training to address student mental health, funding for the University of Wisconsin System and special education, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 750 School mental health and pupil wellness aid, funding for the University of Wisconsin System, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 749 School-based mental health services grants. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 747 Coverage of infertility services under health policies and plans and granting rule-making authority. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 718 Prohibiting certain practices relating to insurance coverage of clinician-administered drugs. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 713 Right to choose an abortion and elimination of certain abortion-related regulations. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 712 Medically accurate information. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 711 Student loans for postsecondary education, requirements related to student loan servicers, creating an office of the student loan ombudsman in the Department of Financial Institutions, and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 701 Eliminating recovery by the state for birth expenses paid through the Medical Assistance program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 700 A sales and use tax exemption for breastfeeding equipment. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 7 Pharmacy benefit managers, prescription drug benefits, and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 699 Special enrollment period for pregnancy. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 698 Postpartum home visits. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 697 Reimbursement of maternal mental health screenings under the Medical Assistance program and coverage of maternal mental health screenings by health policies and plans. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 696 Dentists' services for pregnant persons under the Medical Assistance program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 687 Collective bargaining for employees of school districts, employees of cooperative educational service agencies, employees of technical college districts, and employees of the University of Wisconsin System and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 666 The Something Special from Wisconsin promotional campaign; funding for the University of Wisconsin System, technical colleges, and special education aid; and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 665 Funding for regional farm support agents, the University of Wisconsin System, technical colleges, and special education aid, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 664 Grants for meat processing facilities, funding for the University of Wisconsin System, technical colleges, and special education aid, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 663 Farm to fork grants, farm to school grants, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 662 Food security and Wisconsin products grant program; funding for the University of Wisconsin System, technical colleges, and special education aid; providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures; granting rule-making authority; and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 638 Extreme risk protection temporary restraining orders and injunctions and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 637 Background checks requirement before transfers of firearms and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 620 Motor vehicle operator's license driving skills testing. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 618 REAL ID funding and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 571 Allowing discounts for prompt payment of health care fees. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 559 Eliminating cost sharing for prescription drugs under the Medical Assistance program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 558 Prescription drug purchasing entity study. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 557 Insulin safety net programs and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 556 Funding for an office of prescription drug affordability, crediting certain amounts to the general program operations account of the office of the commissioner of insurance, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 555 Licensure of pharmaceutical representatives. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 554 Pharmacy services administrative organizations. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 553 Fiduciary and disclosure requirements on pharmacy benefit managers. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 552 Cost-sharing cap on insulin. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 551 Diabetes medication pilot project and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 550 Reimbursements for certain 340B program entities. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 55 Incorporating the Holocaust and other genocides into the state model social studies standards and requiring instruction on the Holocaust and other genocides. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 549 Pharmacy benefits tool grants, education and higher education funding, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 548 Prescription drug importation program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 547 Pharmacist continuing education credits for volunteering at free and charitable clinics. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 546 Wisconsin drug repository program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 545 Grants for free and charitable clinics; funding for special education, the University of Wisconsin System, and the technical college system; and making an appropriation.. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 544 Creating a prescription drug affordability review board and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 512 Prescription drug cost reporting by manufacturers and providing a penalty. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 496 Requiring the Department of Financial Institutions to implement a section 529A ABLE savings account program and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 484 Adopting gender-neutral terminology and incorporating gender-neutral marriage and parentage rights. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 477 A state minimum wage, allowing the enactment of local minimum wage ordinances, and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 469 Prohibition against undetectable firearms, possessing a frame or receiver of a firearm without a serial number, and providing a penalty. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 467 Establishing a task force to study the legal and societal barriers to equality for transgender, intersex, nonbinary, and gender nonconforming individuals. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 464 Extending voting rights to certain 17-year-old individuals and requiring a referendum. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 462 Voter registration forms and information provided to certain high school students. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 444 Expanding eligibility under the Medical Assistance program; funding infrastructure, land acquisition, and building projects; providing assistance and local government grants; maintaining an opioid and methamphetamine data system; transferring moneys to the budget stabilization fund; creating a University of Wisconsin System partnership program and admissions application fees; providing an exemption from rule-making procedures; and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 438 Collective bargaining for employees of the University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics Authority. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 436 Counting summer school enrollment for purposes of school district revenue limits. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 419 Regulating and addressing PFAS, providing an exemption from rule-making procedures, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 395 Legislative and congressional redistricting. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 381 Directing school boards to provide instruction on Hmong Americans and Asian Pacific Islander Desi Americans. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 366 Snowmobile noise and the operation of snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, and utility terrain vehicles near highways. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 363 Faculty tenure and probationary appointments at University of Wisconsin System institutions and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 362 Shared governance at University of Wisconsin System institutions. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 360 Discrimination in employment, housing, public accommodations, education, insurance coverage, national guard, jury duty, and adoption and in the receipt of mental health or vocational rehabilitation services. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 355 Prohibiting destruction of records and evidence. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 354 The standard for the disqualification of a judge or justice. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 353 Equally divided determinations of the Wisconsin Supreme Court on matters of judicial discipline or permanent disability. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 352 Notice of certain campaign finance contributions made to a judge or justice. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 351 Disqualification of a judge or justice. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 350 Judicial disqualification based on campaign financial support. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 349 Authority of the Wisconsin Supreme Court to review a decision of a justice to deny a motion to disqualify the justice. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 346 A fishing license for a child with a disability. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 328 Unemployment insurance contribution rates. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 312 Prohibiting conversion therapy. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 31 State government response to COVID-19 pandemic, extending the time limit for emergency rule procedures, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 307 Unemployment insurance work-share programs. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 296 Funding for free and charitable clinics and defining telehealth. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 269 Waiver of fees for admission to state parks on Earth Day. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 268 Providing a temporary tax exemption for unemployment compensation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 256 Requiring coverage of the dispensing of an extended supply of contraceptives. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 255 The regulation and licensure of genetic counselors, creating a genetic counselors affiliated credentialing board, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 22 Member meetings, bylaws, and emergency powers of a cooperative. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 206 The unemployment insurance waiting period. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 185 Prosecuting or adjudicating delinquent a person under the age of 18 for committing an act of prostitution. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 137 Prohibiting no-knock search warrants and limiting the execution of a search warrant to the hours between 6 a.m. and 10 p.m. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1161 Establishing minimum salaries for public school teachers. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1160 Paid preparation time for teachers. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1159 Requiring school boards to compensate teachers for time spent on nonclassroom services. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1158 Adding a teacher representative to school boards. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1157 Grants to school districts to pay student teachers an hourly wage, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1156 Creating a teacher pledge loan repayment program administered by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1155 Longevity bonuses for teachers in school districts. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1154 Health insurance for school district employees. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1130 Grants to American Indian tribes and bands in Wisconsin and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1129 Worker misclassification and providing a penalty. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1128 Employee misclassification. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1127 Investigation and audit of worker misclassification and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1126 Construction contractor registration and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1098 The establishment of a family and medical leave insurance program; family leave to care for a grandparent, grandchild, or sibling and for the active duty of a family member; the employers that are required to allow an employee to take family or medical leave; creating an individual income tax deduction for certain family or medical leave insurance benefits; allowing a local government to adopt ordinances requiring employers to provide leave benefits; providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures; providing an exemption from rule-making procedures; granting rule-making authority; making an appropriation; and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1092 Allocation of deputy district attorneys. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1079 Various changes to statutes related to elementary and secondary education in this state, funding for the University of Wisconsin System, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1073 Prohibiting cat declawing procedures. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1063 Medical cannabis, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, making an appropriation, and providing a penalty. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 106 Eliminating certain abortion prohibitions. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1042 State aid to the resident school district of a pupil attending a private school under the Racine or statewide parental choice program. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1041 Per pupil payments to private schools participating in parental choice programs. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1040 Phasing out the Special Needs Scholarship Program and limiting enrollment in parental choice programs. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1039 Teacher licensure in parental choice programs and in the Special Needs Scholarship Program and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1038 A grant program to fund child care staff to care for children with disabilities, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1036 The notice requirement for terminating a lease in a mobile or manufactured home community. Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1018 Modifying the tax treatment of college savings accounts and the employee college savings account contribution credit. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- AB 1013 The additional child and dependent care tax credit, a rebate for individual residents, and a family caregiver tax credit; various changes to statutes related to elementary and secondary education in this state; increasing funding for the University of Wisconsin System, technical college system, special education, general equalization aids, and per pupil aid; granting rule-making authority; and making an appropriation. (FE) Cosponsor 2021
- SJR 91 Recognizing February as Noonan Syndrome Awareness Month. Lead author 2019
- SJR 87 Legislative and congressional redistricting (first consideration). Coauthor 2019
- SJR 82 Proclaiming January 2020 as human trafficking awareness and prevention month. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 8 Congratulating the Green Bay Packers on the occasion of their 100th anniversary and declaring August 11, 2019, Green Bay Packers Day. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 67 Honoring the life and public service of Dennis Burns. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 61 Congratulating the United States Women's National Team on their FIFA Women's World Cup win. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 53 Proclaiming November 20, 2019, as Wisconsin's Transgender Day of Remembrance. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 52 Recognizing June 28, 2019, as the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Uprising. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 51 Eliminating constitutional restrictions on marriage (first consideration). Coauthor 2019
- SJR 5 Proclaiming February 2019 to be American Heart Month in Wisconsin. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 48 Commending and congratulating Justice Shirley Abrahamson on her retirement after 43 devoted years of service. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 47 Congratulating the Milwaukee Bucks on their 2018-19 season. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 38 Recognizing June 2019 as LGBT Pride Month. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 37 Celebrating June 10, 2019, as the 100th Anniversary of ratifying the 19th Amendment. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 15 Observing Tuesday, April 2, 2019, as Equal Pay Day in Wisconsin. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 11 Honoring the life and public service of Joe Polasek. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 105 Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of the creation of the Apostle Islands National Lakeshore. Coauthor 2019
- SJR 103 Equality of rights on the basis of sex, gender identity, race, color, sexual orientation, disability, religion, national origin, marital status, family status, age, ancestry, or any other immutable characteristic and creating a private cause of action for violations of those rights by state actors (first consideration). Coauthor 2019
- SJR 100 Proclaiming February 2020 as Black History Month. Coauthor 2019
- SB 910 Financial assistance for double-fencing farm-raised deer, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 903 Bonding for the soil and water resource management program and granting bonding authority. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 902 Income tax deduction for flood insurance premiums. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 901 Disaster assistance payments and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 900 Creating a flood mitigation program in the Department of Transportation, granting rule-making authority, and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 899 Aids for certain highways damaged by a disaster. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 898 Right to choose an abortion and elimination of certain abortion-related regulations. Lead author 2019
- SB 897 Medically accurate information. Lead author 2019
- SB 896 Funding for the municipal flood control program and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 889 Child care provider rates under Wisconsin Shares, funding for Wisconsin Shares child care subsidies, and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 876 A limitation on the manufacturing component of the manufacturing and agriculture credit, a onetime increase in aids for special education, and making an appropriation. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 862 Prohibition against undetectable firearms, possessing a frame or receiver of a firearm without a serial number, and providing a penalty. Lead author 2019
- SB 856 Providing farmers technical assistance related to water quality, organic production, and soil health; increasing cost-share rates; granting rule-making authority; and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 840 Distributions from a federal college savings plan to pay principal and interest on qualified education loans and for materials and equipment used in an apprenticeship program. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 84 Designating and marking STH 33 in Columbia County as the Staff Sergeant Daniel D. Busch Memorial Highway. Lead author 2019
- SB 839 The Public Service Commission's authority to obtain information about Internet service availability, broadband expansion grants, and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 838 Requirements for broadband expansion grants and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 837 Advertising broadband and other Internet speeds and providing a standardized broadband label. Coauthor 2019
- SB 836 Broadband expansion grants for cities, villages, towns, and counties and telecommunications-related construction projects of cities, villages, and towns. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 835 Installation of empty conduit lines as part of a digging project in a right-of-way and offers of service from fiber optic cable broadband lines installed in rights-of-way. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 834 Prioritizing certain farm projects under the broadband expansion grant program. Coauthor 2019
- SB 83 Retail sales of intoxicating liquor for consumption off the licensed premises. Coauthor 2019
- SB 826 Allowing certain child care providers to participate in the teacher loan program and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 814 Creating the Council for Equity and Inclusion and the Office for Equity and Inclusion and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 763 Allowing discounts for prompt payment of health care fees. Coauthor 2019
- SB 661 State aid to the resident school district of a pupil attending a private school under the Racine or statewide parental choice program. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 660 Teacher licensure in parental choice programs and in the Special Needs Scholarship Program and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 659 Per pupil payments to private schools participating in parental choice programs. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 658 Phasing out the Special Needs Scholarship Program and limiting enrollment in parental choice programs. (FE) Lead author 2019
- SB 65 Condemnation authority for recreational trails. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 649 Online clearinghouse of information for small businesses in Wisconsin. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 648 Requiring pediatricians and pediatric specialists to view presentations about neuroimmune disorders in children. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 640 Designating and marking the Ho-Chunk World War II Code Talkers Memorial Highway. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 632 Notifying counties of certain water pollution violations, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, and granting rule-making authority. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 629 Minor golf caddies. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 623 Funding for county snowmobile trails and areas and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 620 The regulation and licensure of genetic counselors, creating a genetic counselors affiliated credentialing board, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, and providing a penalty. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 596 The establishment of a family and medical leave insurance program; family leave to care for a grandparent, grandchild, or sibling and for the active duty of a family member; the employers that are required to allow an employee to take family or medical leave; creating an individual income tax deduction for certain family or medical leave insurance benefits; allowing a local government to adopt ordinances requiring employers to provide leave benefits; providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures; providing an exemption from rule-making procedures; granting rule-making authority; making an appropriation; and providing a penalty. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 572 Sales and transfers of firearms and providing a penalty. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 567 Grants to independent living centers and making an appropriation. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 566 Marriage between persons of the same sex and extending parentage rights to married couples of the same sex. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 560 Changes to a tax incremental district joint review board's voting requirements, requiring that a tax incremental district's project plan include alternative economic projections, and limiting the amount of cash grants a city or village may provide to a developer. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 530 Extreme risk protection temporary restraining orders and injunctions and providing a penalty. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 511 Claims for compensation for post-traumatic stress disorder by police officers and fire fighters under the worker's compensation law. (FE) Coauthor 2019
- SB 509 Allocation and payment of district attorneys. Coauthor 2019
- SB 507 Medical cannabis, providing an exemption from emergency rule procedures, granting rule-making authority, making an appropriation, and providing a penalty. (FE) Lead author 2019